people killed in vehicle crashes worldwide each year is necessary to handle the complex tasks that autonomous driving demands .

• Paving the way for autonomy Legislation is the second crucial factor , as governments worldwide actively pass laws and conduct trials for autonomous public transport . Eran notes Japan ’ s aggressive goals , with plans to have 50 autonomous bus locations by 2025 and 100 by 2027 While these targets are ambitious , they underscore the global momentum toward autonomy .

THE DEBATE : HD-MAPS VS . HD-MAPLESS SYSTEMS

Maps play a critical role in autonomous driving , but the industry is divided between : HD-maps and HD-mapless systems .

HD MAPS : THE DETAILED APPROACH HD maps offer a detailed , centimetrelevel representation of the environment , capturing everything from lanemarkings to subtle road textures . “ The HD-maps allow autonomous vehicles to anticipate road features and navigate with precision , even in complex environments ,” Eran explains . However , they require constant updates to reflect real-world changes , which can be a limitation if the environment doesn ’ t match the pre-mapped data .

HD-MAPLESS : REAL-TIME FLEXIBILITY In contrast , HD-mapless navigation relies on real-time data from sensors like LiDAR , cameras and radar to interpret surroundings and make driving decisions

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